【原】英汉双语阅读7：西藏非物质文化遗产“拉伊”是什么吗？_焦点快播
来源：个人图书馆-新概念英语教学 2023-06-05 18:03:24
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Folk inheritor to continue promoting intangible cultural heritage Layi
民间传承人继续弘扬非物质文化遗产拉伊
During a recent concert marking the 72nd anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Xizang held in Beijing, Nimaluosang, one of the inheritors of China"s national intangible cultural heritage known as Layi, and her husband sang famous Tibetan folk songs. Their performance was described as "exciting and excellent."
最近，在北京举行的纪念西藏和平解放72周年的音乐会上，中国国家级非物质文化遗产拉伊的传承人尼玛洛桑和她丈夫演唱了著名的西藏民歌。他们的表演被形容为“令人激动和精彩绝伦”。
"We were so honored to sing Layi in front of so many people during the concert and introduce to more people our ancient heritage that has been passed down for generations," Nimaluosang told the Global Times.
尼玛洛桑在接受《环球时报》采访时表示：“我们很荣幸能在音乐会上当着这么多人的面演唱拉伊，并向更多人介绍我们代代相传的古老遗产。”
An ethnic group"s spirit
民族精神
Layi, a type of folk song that mainly focuses on romantic stories, is very popular in Northwest China"s Qinghai Province, Gansu Province, Southwest China"s Sichuan Province and the Xizang Autonomous Region. It has a long history that follows the development of the Tibetan people, and is mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism and the ethnic group"s half-agriculture, half-nomadic culture.
拉伊是一种以浪漫故事为主的民歌，在中国西北的青海省、甘肃省、西南的四川省和西藏自治区都很流行。它有着悠久的历史，随着藏族人民的发展而发展，主要受到藏传佛教和该民族半农业半游牧文化的影响。
Layi bears unique and important cultural value with its expressive music. For this reason, it was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.According to Nimaluosang, songs mainly highlight young love and the need to respect young people"s pursuit to love freely. At the same time, their songs reflect severe and harsh criticism of parental interference with this pursuit.
拉伊以其富有表现力的音乐形式而具有独特且重要的文化价值。为此，它于2006年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。尼玛洛桑认为，歌曲主要表达年轻人的爱情，以及对年轻人追求自由恋爱的尊重。与此同时，拉伊的歌曲也反映了对父母干涉这一追求的严厉批评。
The lyrics of Layi touch on all aspects of love. Songs are often sung in an alternating, antiphonal manner, and tend to follow the structure of a lead in, a greeting, the time of falling in love, the time of being in love, being lovesick, a betrayal and a breakup."The lyrics are different but their tunes are similar," said Nimaluosang.
拉伊的歌词涉及爱情的方方面面。歌曲通常以交替、对唱的方式演唱，并倾向于遵循开场白、问候、坠入爱河、恋爱、相思、背叛和分手的结构。尼玛洛桑说：“歌词不同，但曲调相似。”
The tunes of Layi also fall into different categories depending on region, with some emphasizing the lyrics and intense pace of the music, while others emphasize the depth of melody and the free and melodious nature of these mountain songs, and still some others show off a sweetness of melody and evenness of rhythm, demonstrating the elegant and lyrical nature of the music.Living in Nagqu Prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region, Nimaluosang said the Layi in the prefecture has more trills than the tunes in Qinghai Province, which is very hard to achieve.
拉伊的曲调也因地域不同而分为不同的类别，有的强调歌词和音乐的强烈节奏，有的强调山歌的旋律深度和自由悠扬的特点，还有的则表现出旋律的甜美和节奏的平稳，展示了音乐的优雅和抒情性。住在西藏自治区那曲地区的尼玛洛桑说，该地区的拉伊颤音比青海省的曲调多，这很难实现。
Besides romance, Layi also praises nature and parents, with more sonorous tunes accompanying these themes.
除了浪漫，拉伊还赞美大自然和父母，伴随着这些主题的是更加铿锵的曲调。
Better inheritance
更好的传承
"In the Nagqu Prefecture, someone who cannot sing folk songs does not deserve the title of singer," Gejie, Nimaluosang"s husband, told the Global Times."Being good at singing Layi is quite challenging as getting the trill right is very difficult to master," said Gejie, recalling that he often practiced singing in the mountains during the COVID-19 pandemic and that it usually took two months to master a single song.
尼玛洛桑的丈夫葛杰告诉《环球时报》：“在那曲县，不会唱民歌的人配不上歌手的称号。”。葛杰回忆说，在新冠肺炎流行期间，他经常在山里练习唱歌，而掌握一首歌通常需要两个月的时间，他说：“要唱好拉伊很有挑战性，因为掌握正确的颤音非常困难。”
According to the couple, anyone can learn to sing Layi so long as they have the interest. However, "if you want to be a cultural inheritor, you should have a good voice."Meanwhile, being an inheritor requires people to master a lot of singing techniques and memorize a lot of lyrics."When I was a little kid, I could hear people singing folk songs while herding sheep in the mountains. I also heard a lot of Layi songs from my grandparents," said Nimaluosang.
据这对夫妇说，只要有兴趣，任何人都可以学唱拉伊。然而，“如果你想成为一名文化传承人，你就得有一副好嗓子。”同时，作为一名传承人，需要掌握很多歌唱技巧，记住很多歌词。尼玛洛桑说：“当我还是个孩子的时候，我能听到人们在山上放羊时唱民歌。我也听过很多爷爷奶奶唱拉伊歌。”
Most of the lyrics have been passed down from one generation to the next, while the lyrics to some other songs are totally improvised. One of the ways new students learn is to pay a visit to an elder"s home and listen to them sing."One of the reasons that Layi can be passed down to today is because it is capable of "keeping up with the times," both in terms of lyrics and tunes, but we still keep some original songs from the ancients," said Nimaluosang.
大多数歌词都是代代相传的，而其他一些歌曲的歌词则完全是即兴创作的。新生学习的方式之一是去长辈家里听他们唱歌。尼玛洛桑说：“拉伊之所以能传承到今天，原因之一是它在歌词和曲调上都能保持"与时俱进’，但我们仍然保留了一些古人的原创歌曲。”
Currently, Nimaluosang has eight apprentices, many of whom are young learners who are very passionate to learn Layi from her. She said that she has been very pleased to see that more young people in Xizang are showing an interest in the traditional art form.
目前，尼玛洛桑有八名学徒，其中许多都是年轻的学习者，他们非常热衷于向她学习拉伊。她说，她很高兴看到西藏越来越多的年轻人对传统艺术表现出兴趣。
In order to allow more people to learn about these folk songs, the couple started to share their videos on social media platforms such as Douyin, Kuaishou and Sina Weibo. Some of their videos have gotten more than 28 million views.
为了让更多人了解这些民歌，这对夫妇开始在抖音、快手和新浪微博等社交媒体平台上分享他们的视频。他们的一些视频已经获得了超过2800万的浏览量。
Together the couple is known as the "New Shepherd team." The two explained that, just like a shepherd, they want to continue nudging people toward the art form in the new era."We hope one day we have the opportunity to perform Layi abroad so that more people can enjoy the charm of our ethnic culture," she said.
这对夫妇被称为“新牧羊人组合”。两人解释说，就像牧羊人一样，他们希望在新时代继续推动人们亲近这种艺术形式。她说：“我们希望有一天我们有机会在国外表演拉伊，让更多的人能够感受我们民族文化的魅力。”
【Source】Global Times
【Translated by】Spark Liao (廖怀宝)
【Illustration】From Baidu
